Sandford (née Hann), Patricia (Pat) - late of Finglas West and formerly Coolock and Rathmines. Passed away peacefully 21^st January 2026, surrounded by her loving family in the wonderful care of the staff in Sean Chara Nursing Home.

‍ ‍

Patricia (Pat) will be very sadly missed and remembered always by her beloved husband Jim, daughter Patricia, son John, grandchildren Christopher, Stephanie, Jeanette and Peadar,  great-grandchildren Kayla, Amy, Caiden, Sam, Bobby, Callum and Tommy, son-in-law Peter, daughter-in-law Anne, brother John, sisters-in-law Linda and Ann, nieces, nephews, extended family, neighbours and friends.

‍ ‍

May Patricia’s gentle soul Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍

Reposing in Massey Bros. Funeral Home, Main St., Finglas, D11 ET7P, on Tuesday 27^th January from 3:00pm to 5:00pm. Removal on Wednesday morning to St. Canice’s Church, Finglas Village, arriving at 9:50am for Requiem Mass at 10:00am, with burial thereafter in Glasnevin Cemetery.

‍ ‍

To view Patricia’s Funeral Mass live, please click here.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Finglas on (01) 836 1011.

‍ ‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

Carmody, Michael Anthony, Finglas East formerly Cabra, late of Dakota. 20th January 2026. Passed away peacefully at the Mater Hospital surrounded by his family. Predeceased by his parents Lily and Paddy and his sister Marie.

‍ ‍

Michael will be very deeply missed and remembered always by his beloved partner Catherine, son Paul, grandchildren William and Ceri-Rose, sisters Elizabeth and Rosaleen, brothers Peter and Gerard, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, nieces, nephews, extended family, neighbours and friends.

‍ ‍

May Michael’s gentle soul Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍

Reposing at Massey Bros. Funeral Home, Main St., Finglas on Monday 26th January from 3.00pm to 5.00pm. Removal on Tuesday morning to St. Canice’s Church, Finglas Village, arriving at 10.50am for Requiem Mass at 11:00am, followed by Cremation in Glasnevin Crematorium.

‍ ‍

To view Michael’s Funeral Mass live, please click here. To view the Cremation Service, click here.

‍ ‍

Family flowers only please, donations if desired to the Irish Heart Foundation.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Finglas on (01) 836 1011.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

Margaret (Peggie) Doran of Blackrock, Co. Dublin passed away peacefully on 20th January 2026 in the care of Parke House Nursing Home. Predeceased by her loving husband Frank, her daughter Mairead, her sister Molly and her brothers Sean and Tony.

‍ ‍ ‍

Margaret will be sadly and deeply missed by her family, sons Ciaran and Declan, daughters Patricia and Aideen, her sister Carmel, sons-in-law Stan, Peter and Reid, daughters-in-law Caroline and Noreen, grandchildren, extended family and friends.

‍ ‍

May Margaret’s kind and gentle soul Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍

Margaret will repose at Massey Bros. Funeral Home in the Goat Centre, Kilmacud (D14 X348) on Friday, 23rd January from 6pm to 7pm. Funeral Mass on Saturday 24th January at 10am in St. Laurence O’Toole Church, Kilmacud. Burial afterwards in Deansgrange Cemetery.

‍ ‍

To view the Funeral Mass live, please click here.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Goatstown on (01) 268 8828.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

Byrne (née Mulvaney), Anne and John – 20^th January 2026 - Late of Cabra, Dublin 7, formerly of Ormond Quay and Drimnagh. Passed away peacefully surrounded by their loving family. Anne is predeceased by her sisters Gertie, Vera, Theresa, Bernie and Kathleen.

‍ ‍

Anne and John will be very sadly missed by their son Paddy, daughter-in-law Karen, grandchildren Lee, Chris and Megan, their partners Jennifer, Lauren and Luke, great-grandchildren Darragh, Frankie, Eabha and Robyn, John’s brothers Paddy and Jimmy, sisters Annie and Joan, nieces, nephews, extended family, neighbours and friends.

‍ ‍

May they Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍

Reposing in Massey Bros. Funeral Home, 88A New Cabra Road, Cabra, Dublin 7 on Friday 23^rd January 2026 from 5pm -7pm. Funeral Mass on Saturday 24^th January at 10.15am in The Church of the Most Precious Blood, Cabra West, followed by cremation in Glasnevin Crematorium Chapel.

‍ ‍

To view the Funeral Mass live, please click here.

‍ ‍

Family flowers only please, donations in lieu of flowers if desired to The Alzheimer’s Society of Ireland.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Cabra on (01) 838 9774.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

Creevey, Joseph (Joe) – 20^th January 2026 - Late of Dominick Street, Dublin 1, formerly of Cabra, Dublin 7 – Passed away unexpectedly at The Mater Hospital.

Joe will be very sadly missed by his beloved wife Marie, daughter Maria, son-in-law Gary, his adored grandchildren Gary Jnr and Taylor, brothers, sisters, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, nieces, nephews, extended family, neighbours and friends.

May he Rest in Peace.

Funeral arrangements to follow.

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Cabra on (01) 838 9774.

Mooney (née Lay), (Dublin), January 19^th, 2026, surrounded by her loving family, in the wonderful care of all the staff of St. Catherine’s Ward, Our Lady’s Hospice, Martha, late of Anner Road, Inchicore.

Beloved partner of the late Billy and much-loved mother of Colette, Carol, and Lisa. Sadly, missed and always remembered by her loving daughters, sons-in-law, her 9 grandchildren, 13 great-grandchildren, extended family, and friends.

May Martha Rest in Peace.

Reposing at the Massey Bros Funeral Home, 113 Emmet Road, Inchicore on Wednesday from 5pm to 7pm. Funeral Mass on Thursday (January 22^nd) at 10am in St. Michael’s Church, Inchicore followed by burial to Newlands Cross Cemetery.

Family flowers only please, donations if desired to Our Lady’s Hospice, Harold’s Cross.

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Inchicore on (01) 453 3333.

Ray Colgan, Templeogue and formerly Harold’s Cross. January 19th, 2026, peacefully surrounded by his adoring family.

‍ ‍

Beloved husband and best friend of Catherine, and much-loved dad to Ray, Leonie, Olga and Danielle. Ray will be very sadly missed and forever remembered by grandsons Cillian and Finn, and sons and daughters-in-law Chris, Esme, David and Yannie, as well as Lizzy the cat.

‍ ‍

May he Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍

Reposing at his home this Wednesday evening (January 21st) from 5pm to 8pm.Removal on Thursday morning to St. Jude The Apostle Church, Rossmore Road, Templeogue arriving for 11am Funeral Mass followed by Cremation in the Victorian Chapel, Mount Jerome Crematorium arriving at approximately 1pm.

‍ ‍

To view the Funeral Mass, live please click ​here​​​.To view the Cremation Service in the Victorian Chapel live, please click ​here​​​.

‍ ‍

No flowers please, donations if desired in memory of Ray to the Alzheimer’s Society of Ireland or the Irish Heart Foundation.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Templeogue on (01) 490 7601.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

Redmond (née Crawford), Jeanette (Jean), Glasnevin and formerly Phibsborough. Jean passed away peacefully on the 18^th January 2026 at St. Vincent’s Hospital, surrounded by her loving family. Predeceased by her beloved husband Fergus and son John.

‍ ‍

Jeanette will be very deeply missed and remembered always by her daughter Sheena, son Cormac, grandchildren Amy, Sarah-Jane, Aoife, Robert, Richard, Thomas, Annabel, Katie and Conor, great grandchildren Cara and Rowen, son-in-law Paul,  daughters-in-law Sylvia and Catherine, sister Ann, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, extended family, neighbours, friends and all the staff who cared for Jeanette in Greystones Nursing Home.

‍ ‍

May Jeanette’s gentle soul Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍

Reposing at her home on Thursday 22nd January from 5:00pm to 7:00pm. Removal on Friday morning to St. Canice’s Church, Finglas Village, arriving at 9:50am for Requiem Mass at 10:00am, followed by burial in Dardistown Cemetery.

‍ ‍

To view Jeanette’s Funeral Mass live, please click here.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Finglas on (01) 836 1011.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

‍ ‍Daly, Anthony (Tony), (Late of Crumlin, Dublin 12 and formerly of Iveagh Trust Buildings, Dublin 8), 18th January, 2026, peacefully surrounded by his loving family, in St. James’s Hospital. Predeceased by his wife Ann, brothers Billy and Paddy, sisters Carmel and Jenny.  

Beloved partner and best friend to Martina, and father to Sharon. Sadly missed by his family, brother Harry, sister May, nieces, nephews, extended family, here and abroad, neighbours, and friends.  

May he Rest in Peace.‍ ‍

Reposing at Massey Bros. Funeral Home, 177 Crumlin Road, D12 F864 on Wednesday, 21st January from 3pm - 5pm. Funeral Mass on Thursday at 12pm in Our Lady of Dolours Church, South Circular Rd, Dublin 8, D08 XP94, followed by burial to Palmerstown Cemetery for 1.30pm.

To view Tony’s Funeral Mass live, please click here.

Family flowers only. Donations if desired to a charity of your choice.

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Crumlin on (01) 454 1666.

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.‍ ‍

Harford (née Sutcliffe), June, 16th January 2026. Late of John Field Road and formerly of Francis Street, Dublin 8 and Chamber Street. Peacefully, surrounded by her loving family in the wonderful care of the staff of the John Houston Ward at St. James’s Hospital.

Devoted and beloved wife of the late Thomas. Predeceased by her mother and father, Molly and Joseph Sutcliffe, brother Davy and sisters Mary and Margaret. Loving and devoted Ma to Debra, Lisa and Rachael. June will be very sadly missed by her daughters, sons in-law Darren and Damian, grandchildren Gary, Jade, Melissa, Zara, Ella, Mia and Damian, great grandchildren Arabella, Kayson and Koby, her nieces, nephews, relatives, neighbours and wide circle of friends.

May her gentle soul Rest in Peace.

Reposing privately for her immediate family only. Funeral Mass on Thursday at 10am at St. Nicholas of Myra Church, Francis Street, Dublin 8. Cremation to follow at Mount Jerome's Victorian Chapel.

Family flowers only please, donations if desired to St. James's Foundation.

All enquiries to Massey Bros., The Coombe on (01) 453 3333.

Wynne (née Hanley), Frances, 18^th January 2026, Late of Cabra West, Dublin 7. Peacefully surrounded by her loving family at The Mater Hospital. Predeceased by her husband Christopher, granddaughters Martha and Leigh and great grandsons Christopher and Oscar.

Very sadly missed by her loving family, her daughters Siobhan and Ann, sons in law Martin and Derek, grandchildren Christopher, Stephen, Karen and Kevin, great grandchildren Claudia, Siéimí and Norah, great granddaughters in law Kristina, Nicki and Lorna, nieces, nephews, extended family and friends.

May she Rest in Peace.

Reposing at Massey Bros. Funeral Home, 88A Cabra Road, Cabra on Tuesday, 20^th January from 5pm to 7pm. Funeral Mass on Wednesday 21^st at 10am in St. Saviour’s Church, Dominick St. followed by burial in Palmerstown Cemetery.

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Cabra on (01) 838 9774.

Furphy (née Conroy), Maureen (Mary Bridget) (Late of Walkinstown) 17th January 2026. Peacefully in the wonderful care of the staff at Swords Nursing Home. Predeceased by her beloved husband Jim, her parents and her sisters Kathleen and Angela.

‍ ‍

Sadly missed and always remembered by her brothers Brian and Noel, sisters-in-law, brother-in-law, niece, nephews extended family, friends and neighbours.

‍ ‍

May Maureen’s gentle soul Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍

Reposing at Massey Bros. Funeral Home, 177 Crumlin Road, D12 F864 on Tuesday, 20^th January from 3pm - 5pm. Funeral Mass on Wednesday at 10am in Church of the Holy Spirit Greenhills, followed by burial to Mount Jerome Cemetery.

‍ ‍

HOUSE STRICLY PRIVATE.

‍ ‍

To view Maureen’s Funeral Mass live, please click here.

‍ ‍

Family flowers only. Donations if desired to Hospice Home Care.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Crumlin on (01) 454 1666.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

D’arcy (née Fahy), Bridget, Santry and formerly Artane, 15th January 2026. Passed away peacefully in the tender care of the staff in Ryevale Nursing Home. Predeceased by her beloved husband Eamonn, brothers John and Paddy, and sister Kathleen.

‍ ‍ ‍

Bridget will be very sadly missed and remembered always by her loving family, sons and daughters Edward, Patrick, Margaret and Mary, grandchildren Conor, Laura, Callan, David, Harrison, Lucia, Katie, Francesca, Luca and Aoibhe, sisters Elizabeth and Christine, sons-in-law Colm and Paul, daughters-in-law Ann and Jennifer, nieces, nephews, extended family, neighbours and friends.

‍ ‍

May Bridget’s gentle soul Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍

Removal to Our Lady of Victories Church, Ballymun Road, Glasnevin, D09 Y925, on Wednesday 21st January, arriving at 9.50am for Requiem Mass at 10.00am, followed by burial in Dardistown Cemetery.

‍ ‍

To view Bridget’s Funeral Mass live, please click here.

‍ ‍

Family flowers only please, donations if desired to The Alzheimer Society of Ireland.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., The Coombe on (01) 453 3333.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

Carroll (née Melia), Rosaleen, The Thatch Road, Whitehall, Dublin 9. 15th January 2026. Passed away peacefully in Our Lady’s Hospital, Navan, surrounded by her loving family.

‍ ‍

Rosaleen will be very sadly missed and remembered always by her partner Joe, sons Philip Alan and Paddy, daughters Sharon, Martina, Rhonda and Fiona, grandchildren, great grandchildren, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, brothers, sister, sisters-in-law, nephews, nieces, extended family, neighbours and friends.

‍ ‍

May Rosaleen’s gentle soul Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍ ‍

Reposing in Lanigan Funeral Home, 21 Beaumont Road, D09 VW90, on Monday 19th January from 1.00pm to 3.00pm. Removal to The Church of the Holy Child, The Thatch Road, Whitehall, D09 HX99, on Tuesday morning arriving at 10.50am for Requiem Mass at 11.00am, followed by Cremation in Glasnevin Crematorium.

‍ ‍

To view Rosaleen’s Funeral Mass live, please click here. To view the Cremation service live, please click here.

‍ ‍

Family flowers only please, donations if desired to a charity of your choice.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Finglas on (01) 836 1011.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

McMahon, Claire,11^th January 2026, Late of North Circular Road and formerly of Kilmainham. Predeceased by her parents Patrick and Rosaleen McMahon.

Claire will be very sadly missed and always remembered by her friends and all who knew her.

May she Rest in Peace.

Reposing in Massey Bros. Funeral Home, 88A New Cabra Road, Cabra on Monday 19^th January from 2pm - 4pm. Funeral Mass on Tuesday 20^th in St. Peters Mass Centre, Phibsborough at 10.30 am followed by burial in Glasnevin Cemetery.

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Cabra on (01) 838 9774.

Alfred (née Rea), Josephine - 15^th January 2026 - Late of Cabra, Dublin 7 formerly of Castletown, Corballa, Co. Sligo. Predeceased by her beloved husband Robert. Passed away peacefully surrounded by her loving family.

‍ ‍

Josephine will be very sadly missed by her daughters Edel and Sarah, adored grandchildren Isabelle, Alfie and Jaxon, sons-in-law Philip and Andy, sisters Cora, Margaret and Ursula, brothers James, Eamon and John, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, nieces, nephews, extended family, neighbours and friends.

‍ ‍

May she Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍

Reposing in Massey Bros Funeral Home, 88A New Cabra Road, Cabra on Monday 19^th from 5pm - 7pm. Funeral Mass on Tuesday 20^th at 12pm in the Church of the Most Precious Blood, Cabra West, Dublin 7, followed by burial in Glasnevin.

‍ ‍

To view the Funeral Mass live, please click here.

‍ ‍

Family flowers only please, donations in lieu of flowers to the Irish Cancer Society.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Cabra on (01) 838 9774.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

Glynn (née Brady), Martha - late of Cedarwood Ave, Glasnevin North, Dublin 11. Passed away peacefully 14th January 2026, surrounded by her loving family. Predeceased by her beloved husband Ger, brothers Ciarán, Fiacra and her sister Sr. Eileen.

‍ ‍

Martha will be very deeply missed and remembered always by her daughter Rosanna, son-in-law Noel, sons Paul and Michael living in the US, grandchildren Mark, his wife Holly and great-grandson Corey, Lauren, Simone and their partners Cian and Seán, Grace, Adam and their mother Catherine in Portland, Maine, daughter-in-law Cristina, Gerry, Nathalie and Juliet in Denver, Colorado, sister-in-law Audrey, nieces, nephews, cousins, extended families, Marlies and Maureen in the Netherlands and the Gorham’s in Rusheennamanagh, Carna, Co. Galway, neighbours and friends.

‍ ‍

May Martha’s gentle soul Rest in Peace.

‍ ‍ ‍

Reposing in Massey Bros. Funeral Home, Main St., Finglas, D11 ET7P, on Tuesday 20th January from 5:00pm to 7:00pm. Removal on Wednesday morning to St. Canice’s Church, Finglas Village, arriving at 9:50am for Requiem Mass at 10:00am, followed by cremation in Glasnevin Crematorium Chapel.

‍ ‍

To view Martha’s Funeral Mass live, please click here. To view the Cremation Service live, please click here.

‍ ‍

Family flowers only please.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Finglas on (01) 836 1011.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

Corcoran (née Fanning), Muriel, Donnybrook, Dublin – 14^th January 2026 peacefully at home. Predeceased by her beloved husband Gregory and brothers Billy, Jimmy and Pat. 

Muriel, loving Mum to Simone and Garrett will be deeply missed by sisters Lily and Antoinette and brother Nicholas, her son-in-law Paul and missed by Anna, Molly and Sam whom she adored. Muriel will be missed by her extended family, friends, neighbours and carers.

May she Rest in Peace.

Reposing at Massey Bros. Funeral Home, Goatstown, D14 X348 on Monday, 19th January, from 5.00pm to 7.00pm. In accordance with Muriel’s wishes, the Funeral Mass will be private.

Family flowers only please.

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Goatstown on (01) 268 8828.

Bradley (née Walsh), Peggy (Late of Saul Road, Dublin 12) formerly of Livingston & Spencer, Linda’s Fashions, Harty Steel and family Album, 15^th January 2026. Peacefully surrounded by her loving family in the wonderful care of the staff at Our Lady’s Hospice Harold’s Cross. Predeceased by her parents Martin and Maggie, her brother John and sister May.

‍ ‍ ‍

Sadly missed and always remembered by her beloved husband Desmond, her loving sons Gary and Ian, her adored grandchildren Aoife, Haley and Erica, great grandchild Parker, daughters-in-law Elaine and Lesley, sister Ann, brothers-in-law, sister-in-law, nieces, nephews, relatives, friends and neighbours.

‍ ‍

May Peggy’s gentle soul Rest in Peace. ‍

‍ ‍

Reposing at Massey Bros. Funeral Home, 177 Crumlin Road, D12 F864 on Saturday from 3pm to 4.30pm. Funeral Mass will take place at 10am in St. Bernadettes Church, Clogher Road, D12 RXP2, followed by Cremation to Newlands Cross Crematorium.

‍ ‍

To view Peggy’s Funeral Mass live, please click here.To view Peggy’s Cremation Service live, please click here.

‍ ‍

Family flowers only donations if desired to Our lady’s Hospice Harold’s Cross.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Crumlin on (01) 454 1666.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.

GROARKE, John Francis, 15^th January, 2026, Woodlawn Park Grove, Firhouse, D.24, late of Swinford, Co. Mayo. Peacefully surrounded by his family, after a short illness in the care of the wonderful staff of Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, Harolds Cross. Pre-deceased by his son Jonathan and brother Michael.

‍ ‍

Beloved husband of Anne, loving and much loved dad of Michael, John, Robert, Jarlath, Claire, Sinéad and Raymond, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, his eleven adored grandchildren Daniel, Caoimhe, Dáire, Dónal, Jack, Niamh, Diarmaid, Mae, Isla, Caitríona and Senan, brother Gilbert, sisters Christina (Hannon) and Margie, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, extended family, relatives, neighbours and friends.

‍ ‍

Ar dheis Dé go raibh a anam dilís.

‍ ‍

Reposing at Massey Bros Funeral Home, Templeogue Village, D6W AC82 this Sunday afternoon, 18^th January from 1.30pm to 4pm. Removal from his residence on Monday morning to the Church of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, Firhouse, arriving for 10am Requiem Mass followed by burial in Bohernabreena Cemetery.

‍ ‍

House Private.

‍ ‍

To view the Funeral Mass live, please click here.

‍ ‍

Family flowers only, donations if desired to the Irish Cancer Society and Our Lady’s Hospice, Harold’s Cross.

‍ ‍

All enquiries to Massey Bros., Templeogue on (01) 490 7601.

‍ ‍

Please Note: The link provided to live-stream the Funeral Mass/Cremation service is managed by an independent streaming company. The Funeral Home accepts NO responsibility for its functionality or interruption to a live transmission.